On 20^th February 1690 the fusiliers Regiment of His Royal Highness was constituted and in December 1710 it absorbed the "Santa Giulia" Regiment; since 16^th September 1774 it is named "Aosta" Regiment.

With the "Savoy" and "Lombardia" Regiments, in December 1798 it constituted the 1^st Line Half Brigade that was dissolved in May 1799. In its first 109 years the Regiment fought in the campaigns of Lega Augusta (1690-1697), in the War of Succession in Spain (1701-1713), in Sicily (1718-1719), in the War of Succession in Poland, in the War of Succession in Austria (1742-1748) and Franco-Piedmontese on 1792-1796.

The "Aosta" was reconstituted in July 1814 and on 1^st November 1815 it was named "Aosta" Brigade. Since 4^th May 1839 it took the name of 5^th Regiment and on 15^th October 1871 of 5^th "Aosta" Infantry Regiment. Until the outbreak of the First World War the Regiment was employed in the First War of Independence in 1849 (Silver Medal to the Military Valour), in the repression of brigandage (1861), in Aspromonte in 1862 (Bronze Medal to the Military Valour), in the Second War of Independence in 1859 (Golden Medal to the Military Valour), in the Third War of Independence (1866) and provided with personnel for Eritrea (1895-1896) and Libya (1911-1912).

In the First World War the "Aosta" Regiment fought in Conca di Plezzo, Ravnillaz, Zagora, on Carso, Doberdò, Cima Debeli and Pecinka, on Col della Berretta, Col Moschin and Cà d'Anna, Montello, Vittorio Veneto and Mount Valderoa. After three years of war the Regiment deserved the Military Order of Italy, given to all the infantry regiments, and a Golden Medal to the Military Valour.

In the period between the two world wars it provided with personnel for Eastern Africa (1935).

After having formed the "binary" Divisions in 1939, at the outbreak of the 2^nd World War (10^th June 1940) it was included in the "Aosta" Infantry Division with the 6^th and 22^nd Artillery Regiments. Employed for the defence of Sicily, it fought without fortune against the Angio-Americans in July-August 1943. Retreated from the front with the others of the Division, it was sent to Trentino to be reorganized but it was dissolved after the conflicts that followed the armistice of 8^th September 1943.

Reconstituted on 20^th September 1944 as 5^th "Aosta" Internal Security Regiment with units of the 46^th "Reggio" Infantry Regiment, it was employed for the control and patrol of the territory. On 1^st September 1946 it was renamed 5^th "Aosta" Infantry Regiment, located in Messina where it is still situated. After the reorganization of the Army, on 1^st October 1975 it became a battalion as 5^th "Col della Berretta" Motorized Battalion. On 31^st August 1992 it was changed again into a regiment.

The Regiment was employed during the "Sicilian Vespers" Operation.