The historical Museum of the Engineer Corps occupies the entire ground floor of the building, about 4.400 sq.m. and it testifies the always existed deep connection between the civil society and the military Engineer Corps, in all fields of engineering and architecture. Before entering the Museum, there are two Honour Halls with relics of the Lieutenant of the Engineer Corps Camillo Benso Count of Cavour and the General Federico Menabrea, scientist and Prime Minister. The Museum is divided into two big sectors: the first concerns the Engineer Corps in all its specialties, that of the peacetime, those of the wartime and those that developed during the years becoming autonomous such as the Military Air Force, the Chemical Military Service and the Signal Corps.
The second sector is dedicated to the Military Corps in the various wars that have occurred from the Kingdom of Sardinia, to the Italian State, up to the World War II. Along the path, the visitor can see a vast documentation that testifies the importance of the technical and historical aspects of the finds; this is the case of the overview of road bridges for a rapid overcoming of interruptions: floating bridges such as the 160/14, protagonist of forcing of the rivers Piave or Dnepr in Russia.
Attention should be paid to the Blimp Pilots that with their fragile means announce the Air Force. After the room concerning the Colonies, there is a Memorial Monument dedicated to all the fallen soldiers with an Altar offered by the Officers of the Engineers Corps. It is followed by rooms dedicated to the war campaigns and their relics, from the Roman Republic of 1848-1849, to the Campaign of Crimea in 1855-1856 to the Siege of Gaeta in 1860-1861, where it is possible to see the great works of General Menabrea and the first rifled cannons of General Cavalli. There are also documents on the transmission means such as fire signals of the Homeric era, the use of carrier pigeons, the optical means increasingly perfected, the telegraph, the radio and its inventor Guglielmo Marconi that was a Captain of the Engineer Corps.
On the first floor you can find the historical Museum of the Italian and European Military Architecture, starting from the prehistoric Castellieri to the Sardinian nuraghi, continuing with the roman fortifications, the medieval castles and the forts of different eras until today.
The Hall of Giulio Cesar ends the visit; it is dedicated to the "First Great Sapper" in history. The Museum area belongs to the Vittoria neighbourhood that, along with the Prati neighborhood, represents one of the most unitary expansions of modern Rome and it gives an overview of the most interesting architectures of the capital, between 1890 and 1935.